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Racial Profiling Essay - 7678 Words

INTRODUCTION Over the past several years, the use of race by law enforcement agencies in their policing activities has received considerable attention across the country. The controversy regarding racial profiling has centered on police departments practices related to traffic stopsÂâ€"examining whether police have targeted drivers based on their race or ethnicity. Significant anecdotal evidence has suggested that some departments may be treating drivers of some races or ethnicities differently than white drivers. Parties using multiple definitions have complicated the debate over racial profiling. Variation among these definitions means that interested parties are often discussing different types of police practices, behavior,†¦show more content†¦The fact remains that racial profiling began long ago before the excessive interaction seen on highways and city streets alike where minorities are principally stopped. This country has a history of profiling minorities, from the inhuma n enslavement of millions of Africans during the institutionalization of slavery, to the unlawful imprisonment of Japanese Americans in concentration camps during World War II; minorities around the country have consistently been the targets of racial profiling. The problem is far deeper than just black and white; its roots lie at the economic, social, and political disparities that Anglo-Americans enjoy over minorities in this country. These disparities are a result of a system based on class status and monetary gain, two attributes enjoyed far more widely by the mainstream population than minorities (statistics about economic disparities b/ blacks and whites). Unfortunately, the same law enforcement officers that are paid with the money taken out of the checks of hardworking blue-collar workers are racially profiling the same people they are paid to protect. Virtually, at any point in time people can be stopped, harassed, or inconvenienced simply because they fit the profile of a certain class of racially stigmatized people. Some law enforcement agencies have even gone as far toShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction What is racial profiling? The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defines racial profiling as â€Å"the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin† (2005). Do not confuse racial profiling with criminal profiling; criminal profiling is usually practiced by police in which they use a group of characteristics that are associated with crime to target individualsRead MoreRacial Profiling1430 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty years the issue of racial profiling has become extremely combative with regards to law enforcement practices. A common misconception begins as some people are unaware of what racial profiling actually is. Racial profiling typically deals with incarceration, miss education, and to certain extent slavery. The topic of slavery is relevant in the conversation of racial profiling because like slavery, African Americans have suffered ju st due their own identity. Profiling is essentially the selectionRead MoreRacial Profiling And Criminal Profiling Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Profiling Vs Criminal Profiling Camilo Paez Briarcliffe College Professor Keirnan 11/13/2016 â€Æ' Executive summary Racial Profiling is a big problem is society. Over time you become biased of certain groups which is good and bad. Criminal profiling helps keep the bad guys off the streets. This maybe be also linked with being racist according to the people stopped by police. As a police officer you never win because no one wants to go to jail. It is very hard to â€Æ' Racial ProfilingRead MoreRacial Profiling1056 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been racial profiling in our history. The problem here is that at some point the ones who are oppressed and discriminated sooner o later will claim why they are treated unequally. There are many examples around the world, but one only has to take a look at how the American society has been designed to realize the great difference between individuals. It was even normal and acceptable to see these differences during the creation of this nation because the ones who supposedly hadRead More Racial Profiling is Necessary1040 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand racial profiling, it must first be correctly defined. Although different authors use different criteria for the term racial profiling, Merriam-Webster’s definition for the word racial is â€Å"of, relating to, or based on a race (Merriam-Webster, 2006; p.855).† The definition the dictionary puts forth for profiling is â€Å"the act of suspecting or targeting a person solely on the basis of observed char acteristics or behavior (Merriam-Webster, 2006; p.830).† Based on these definitions, racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Problem969 Words   |  4 Pages Racial profiling has been an issue in society for as long as America had a criminal justice system. Racial profiling is a problem because it refers discriminatory practice bye-law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. In 1868, the fourteenth amendment was ratified which states, No state. Shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, would have made racialRead MoreThe Good and Bad of Racial Profiling1250 Words   |  5 Pages It has been said that racial profiling has been used more than once as a way to detain suspects that arouse suspcion according to NAACP. Racial profiling is the suspicion of people based on race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or other immutable charateristics rather than evidence based behavior. Eventhough statistics say otherwise racial profiling should not be used as a reasnoable right to detain an individual because it is unlawful, discrinmatory, and ineffective. Even though statisticsRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society1310 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is racial profiling. This issue, where authorities target certain individuals based on their racial characteristics, has never ceased. According to many influential claimsmakers, racial profiling has stained the United States by negatively affecting society and disturbing the certainty of justice. It is unconstitutional and leads to impactful consequences such as deaths, fear, and loss of trust in police officers, demoralization, and dehumanization of stigmatized groups of people. Racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling in Different Ways791 Words   |  3 PagesRacial Profiling has been used by law enforcement officials from early 60’s during the civil rights movement. The term â€Å"racial profiling† which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices against people of different race, ethnicity or national origin. One must assess how to understand the practice, and how to keep it distinct from other issues. Racial profiling is defined as â€Å"any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of anRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society1209 Words   |  5 PagesCases of Racial Profiling There are tons of cases of Racial Profiling. Now a days many people are being targeted or attacked by racial profiling. Laws are being passed but not every police officer is following up with it. And because of this more and more people are becoming irritated with the government system. Just because a particular person from a particular race does something wrong, everyone from that race is being discriminated by so-called other races. Racial profiling is getting

Bacteria research Material II Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Bacteria -research Material II Essay, Research Paper measures of stuff with which to work. The procedure of technology a Deoxyribonucleic acid fragment into a vector is called # 8220 ; cloning, # 8221 ; because multiple transcripts of an indistinguishable molecule are produced. Another manner, late discovered, of produsufficient cing many indistinguishable transcripts of a peculiar DNA fragment is polymerase concatenation reaction. This method is rapid and avoids the demand for cloning DNA into a vector. Therapy. signifier of familial technology involves providing a functional cistron to cells missing that map, with the purpose of rectifying a familial upset or acquired disease. Gene therapy can be loosely divided into two classs. The first is change of source cells, that is, sperm or eggs, which consequences in a lasting familial alteration for the whole being and subsequent coevalss. This # 8220 ; germ line cistron therapy # 8221 ; is non considered an option in worlds for ethical grounds. The 2nd type of cistron therapy, bodily cell therapy, is correspondent to an organ graft. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteria research Material II Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this instance, one or more specific tissues is targeted by direct intervention or by remotion of the tissue, add-on of the curative cistron or cistrons in the research lab, and return of the treated cells to the patient. Several clinical tests of bodily cell cistron therapy have started, largely for the intervention of malignant neoplastic diseases and blood and liver and lung upsets. . procedure of familial technology has great possible. For illustration, the cistron for insulin ( q.v. ) , of course found merely in the pancreas tissue of higher animate beings, can now be introduced into bacterial cells by manner of a plasmid vector. The bacteriums can so be grown in big measures, giving an abundant beginning of alleged # 8220 ; recombinant # 8221 ; insulin at a comparatively low cost. Production of recombinant insulin is besides non dependent on the sometimes variable supply of pancreas tissue from butchery. Another of import usage of familial technology is in the industry of recombinant factor VIII, the blood coagulating agent losing in patients with hemophilia A ( see Hemophilia A ; ) . Virtually all haemophiliac who received factor VIII before the mid-1980s have contracted AIDS or hepatitis C ( see Hepatitis ) from viral contaminations in the blood used to do the merchandise. Since that clip, giver blood has been screened for the presence of HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ) and hepatitis C virus, and the fabrication procedure includes stairss to demobilize these viruses if they should be present. The possibility of viral taint, nevertheless, is eliminated wholly with the usage of recombinant factor VIII. Other utilizations of familial technology include increasing the disease opposition of harvests, bring forthing pharmaceutical compounds in the milk of animate beings, bring forthing vaccinums, and changing farm animal traits. . the possible benefits of familial technology are considerable, so may be the possible dangers. For illustration, the deb ut of cancer-causing cistrons into a common infective being, such as the grippe virus, could be risky. Consequently, experiments with recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid are closely regulated and those affecting infective agents are permitted merely under the strictest conditions of containment ; unanticipated effects, nevertheless, may happen as the consequence of familial use. the U.S. , experimental protocols for the usage of bodily cell cistron therapy are reviewed by both the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) and the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . The FDA has already approved human drugs and vaccinums, diagnostic devices, and nutrient processing enzymes produced through recombinant DNA engineering, and is supervising the coevals of genetically engineered nutrient harvests. The U.S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) regulates usage of genetically engineered workss, micro-organisms, and veterinary biological merchandises. B.C.C. For farther information on this subject, see ~Biblio. Branchs and schools of doctrine, ~Biblio. Genetics. ACIDS, complex molecules produced by populating cells and viruses. Their name comes from their initial isolation from the karyon of life cells. Certain nucleic acids, nevertheless, are found non in the cell nucleus but in cell cytol. Nucleic acids have at least two maps: to go through on familial features from one coevals to the following, and to trip the industry of specific proteins. How nucleic acids accomplish these maps is the object of some of the most intense and promising research presently under manner. The nucleic aci Dss are the cardinal substances of life things, believed by research workers to hold foremost been formed about 3 billion old ages ago, when the most simple signifiers of life began on Earth. The beginning of the alleged familial codification they carry has been accepted by research workers as being really near in clip to the beginning of life itself ( see Evolution ; Genetics ) . Biochemists have succeeded in decoding the codification, that is, finding how the sequence of nucleic acids dictates the construction of proteins. two categories of nucleic acids are the deoxyribonucleic acids ( DNA ) and the ribonucleic acids ( RNA ) . The anchors of both DNA and RNA molecules are shaped like coiling strands. Their molecular weights ( see Molecule ) are in the 1000000s. To the anchors are connected a great figure of smaller molecules ( side groups ) of four different types ( see Amino Acids ) . The sequence of these molecules on the strand determines the codification of the peculiar nuclei c acid. This codification, in bend, signals the cell how to reproduce either a extra of itself or the proteins it requires for endurance. populating cells contain the familial stuff Deoxyribonucleic acid. The cells of bacteriums may hold but one strand of DNA, but such a strand contains all the information needed by the cell in order to reproduce an indistinguishable progeny. The cells of mammals contain tonss of DNA strands grouped together in chromosomes. In short, the construction of a Deoxyribonucleic acid molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the form, signifier, and map of the progeny. Some viruses, called retroviruses, contain merely RNA instead than DNA, but viruses in themselves are by and large non considered true life beings ( see Virus ) . open uping research that revealed the general construction of DNA was performed by the British biophysicists Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins and by the American biochemist James Dewey Watson. Using an X-ray diffraction image of the DNA molecule obtained by Wilkins in 1951, Crick and Watson were able to build ( 1953 ) a theoretical account of the DNA molecule. For their work, the three scientists received the 1962 Nobel Prize in physiology or medical specialty. The American biochemist Arthur Kornberg synthesized Deoxyribonucleic acid from â€Å"off-the-shelf† substances, for which he was awarded, with the American biochemist Severo Ochoa ( for research on RNA ) , the 1959 Nobel Prize in physiology or medical specialty. The Deoxyribonucleic acid that he synthesized, although structurally similar to natural DNA, was non biologically active. In 1967, nevertheless, Kornberg and a squad of research workers at Stanford University succeeded in bring forthing biologically active Deoxyribonucleic acid from comparatively simple chemicals. sorts of RNA have a somewhat different map from that of DNA. They take portion in the existent synthesis of the proteins a cell produces. This is of peculiar involve ment to virologists because many viruses reproduce by â€Å"forcing† the host cells to fabricate more viruses. The virus injects its ain RNA into the host cell, and the host cell obeys the codification of the occupying RNA instead than that of its ain. Therefore the cell produces proteins that are, in fact, viruses alternatively of the proteins required for cell map. The host cell is destroyed, and the freshly formed viruses are free to shoot their RNA into other host cells. construction of two types of RNA and their map in protein production have been determined, one type by a squad of Cornell University and U.S. Department of Agriculture research workers led by Robert W. Holley of Cornell, and the other type by James T. Madison ( 1933- ) and George A. Everett ( 1924- ) of the Department of Agriculture. Important research into the reading of the familial codification and its function in protein synthesis was besides performed by the Indian-born American chemist Har Gobind Kh orana at the University of Wisconsin Enzyme Institute and the American biochemist Marshall W. Nirenberg of the National Heart Institute. In 1970 Khorana achieved the first complete synthesis of a cistron and repeated his effort in 1973. Since so one type of RNA has been synthesized. Besides, in the early 1980s, a squad of life scientists at the National Jewish Hospital in Denver, Colo. , proved that in some instances RNA can work as a true accelerator ( see Catalysis ) . See besides Heredity. S.Z.L. For farther information on this subject, see ~Biblio. Cell, ~Biblio. Nucleic acids, ~Biblio. Geneticss. This was all pure research stuff sound from books. Just so you guys Dons have to look it all up yourselvs. Bye, Studphish

Competition and Entrepreneurship Monopolistic Competition

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Entrepreneurship Monopolistic Competition. Answer: Introduction: In the opinion of Assenza et al., (2015), it can be stated that there are larger number of producers under the monopolistically competitive market. The seller sale differentiated products under this type of market structure. Hence, it can be mentioned that the products are not identically substitutes to each other. On the other hand, the producers can charge the price and it is charged by the competitors. Therefore, product differentiation is the key factor, which can effectively define the market structure of monopolistic competition. According to Balistreri Rutherford (2013), it can be stated that monopolistic competitive market is the grouping of perfect competition and the monopoly. A number of firms can freely enter into the market under this type of market structure. On the other hand, it can be added that each firm is treated like a monopolist in the aggregate market, where the products are differentiated and closely substitutes. The demand curve for the products will be downward sloping. Moreover, this demand curve would reflect the price of the products. In the words of Baumol Blinder (2015), each of the organisations under monopolistic competition focused to maximise the profitability statement. In this context, it can be mentioned that each of the organisation would like to set their output level in such a way, for which marginal revenue is equivalent to marginal cost. As a result, the first order condition of profit maximisation can be explained as MR=MC and this condition is equivalent to the monopolistic competitive market. The major difference between these two types of market can be identified as marginal revenue curve relies on the residual demand curve in the place of market demand curve in the monopolisticallycompetitive market structure. On the other hand, Bertoletti Etro (2015) opined that residual demand curve under the monopolistic competition is nothing but the aggregate market demand of the net productivity of other sellers. Therefore, it can be inferred that monopolistic competition is a special type of market where there are a large number of producers. They are mainly aimed to sale differentiated products. Nonetheless, the products are these goods are not homogeneous in characteristics. In the points of Calvo Prez (2016), the demand curve of these goods is assumed to be elastic in nature. The reason behind the elastic demand curve can be explained as the sellers in the market sale differentiated goods. Moreover, it can be mentioned that the organisations are closely substitute to each other. Hence, it can be inferred that if one organisation increase the price of the goods, then most of the customers will get the opportunity to switch other products for purchasing. On the other hand, it can be stated that the demand elasticity of the products are not perfectly elastic. In this connection, it can be mentioned that there are small number of competitors under the monopolistically competitive market stru cture. The above diagram highlighted that the suppliers of the monopolistic competition are acted such as a price makers. This diagram explains that the organisation will produce at the level of Q. In this level, the marginal revenue would be equal to the marginal cost. This price level would be evaluated under a specific circumstance where the average revenue curve touches the estimated quantity. Moreover, Collier Venables (2014) highlighted that this situation under monopolistic competition would be occurred as the firms have the market power. This would reflect to gain the social dead weight loss of the firm. In the above diagram, the orange coloured shaded region can effectively highlight the amount of profits of the firm, and this is the short run earning of the organisation. The above figure shows that in the long run, the monopolistically competitive firms would be capable to produce up to a certain level, where the marginal cost curve would be able to touch the marginal revenue curve. On the other hand, the price of the goods can be identified as the quantity produced by the organisations would touch the average revenue curve. As a result, Collier Venables (2014) opined that in the long run competitive market, the organisations will break even. In addition, it can be observed that the monopolistically competitive firms would be efficient to earn profitability statement in the short run market. This would in turn make an impact on the long run. In the long run, the monopolistically competitive firms consider the monopoly like pricing and it can reduce the demand. This can increase the necessities average total cost. As per the statement of Erku?-ztrk Terhorst (2016), it can be mentioned that for the decrease in the demand of the goods and the rise in the cost of the products the average cost curve would be tangent at the level of profit maximising price of the goods and services. As a result, in this point there would occur two specific cases under monopolistic competition. Initially, the organisations under this type of market would be able to produce a surplus in the long run. In the next situation, the firms can break even, however, would not be able to earn organisational profits. From the above diagram it can be observed that the shift of demand curve under the monopolistically competitive firm would tend to move to long run. According to Feenstra (2016), it can be mentioned that if the organisations would be able to earn positive as well as higher economic profitability under this type of market structure, other organisations would get the opportunity to enter into the industry. As a result, it can be observed that each of the organisations would get lower amount of market share. More specifically, it can be mentioned that the market demand curve would shift towards the leftward. This shifting of the demand curve would be continuous when the break even situation would rise in the industry. On the other hand, Feng, Wang Zhang (2014) stated that other organisations outside of the market would not be capable to enter into this type of organisational competition. As per the concept of economic efficiency, the firms under the monopolistically competitive industry are performed similarly the firms under the monopolistic firms. In this purpose, it can be stated that the firms have the supremacy to determine the price of the goods. Hence, it can be inferred that the organisations are capable to set the prices what they have estimated for their goods without the influence of the market forces. This price of the goods can be identified at the level where the profit maximising level crosses the demand curve. This pricing level would be higher in the comparison with marginal cost of the firm. As a result, the customers need to compensate the price, which is higher than the pricing structure in the perfectly competitive type market structure. On the other hand, this would reduce the consumer surplus. Moreover, Kirzner (2015) opined that the producers of the monopolistically competitive market can produce lower quantity of products compared to the quan tity of production under the perfectly competitive type market. Therefore, it can be inferred that the profitability statement would be offset and the firms can earn higher profitability by charging larger prices. Therefore, the producer surplus would be reduced. This above diagram emphasizes that the monopolistically competitive firms create the social deadweight loss as well as the inefficiency, which can be represented by the orange coloured shaded region. In this context, it can be mentioned that the productive effectiveness arises when a firm utilise all of the resources in the effective manner. As per the statement of Lucas (2016), this situation occurs when the commodity price is identified with the help of the level of marginal cost. The marginal cost of the product is equal to the average cost of the goods. On the other hand, Nikaido (2015) opined that the firms also focused to control the entire process as the price of the goods is more compared to the marginal cost under monopolistic competition. This would in turn highlight the ineffectiveness of the market. This quantity can be produced if QM and the marginal cost curve touch each other. Similarly, it can be observed that the allocative efficiency would take place if the producti on level of the goods can maximises the social well being. This situation arises when the price of the goods is similar to the marginal benefits and also similar to the marginal cost. However, the price of the products under the monopolistically competitive market would be larger compared to the marginal cost. In addition, it can be stated that the market is not the allocative efficient. Industry where the monopolistic competition prevails In the points of Olabi (2016), it can be stated that restaurant industry can be an appropriate example, where monopolistic competition prevails effectively. In this connection, it can be mentioned that there are a large number of restaurants under this type of market structure and in addition, it can be added that there is no barriers to entry and exit. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that each of the restaurant are closely substitute to each other under monopolistically competitive market structure. Profit maximisation condition: As per the statement of Parenti, Ushchev Thisse (2017), it can be stated that the restaurants increase the price up to a specific level above in the comparison with the other restaurants with which it compete in the market. Moreover, it can be added that all of the restaurants are different from the others, and some of the individuals are willing to support in continuously. Under this condition, the restaurants would be able to charge the individuals and the specific price. Short run condition: A restaurant makes a competition with the other restaurants within the market and there are no barriers to entry or barriers to exit. As a result, it can be stated that the demand curve of the products of the market is downward sloping. In addition, it can be mentioned that the restaurant would increase the price in the comparison with the other competitors. Therefore, the visitors would visit to the other restaurants where the price of the products is usually lower. Therefore, the marginal revenue curve of the restaurants would lie below the demand curve is downward sloping. In addition, the marginal revenue of the additional food substances of the restaurant will be relatively lesser compared to the overall market price. Long run condition: According to Park et al., (2015), it can be mentioned that with the entry of new companies in the market, the availability of getting foods in the restaurants can be increased. If the demand for the food substances would reduce, then the demand curve for the restaurant would be more elastic. Therefore, the demand curve for the restaurants would move to the left. As a result, new restaurants would aim to enter into the market and they will enter into the market up to a certain limit where the restaurants will be able to make economic profitability. On the other hand, it can be observed that the zero solution will be observed when the demand curve for the restaurant will be tangent to the average total cost curve. Therefore, it can be inferred that the pricing structure of the restaurants would be reduced and the output level will also be reduced. The nature of the restaurants under the monopolistic competition can be explained as the following way: Each of the restaurants under the monopolistic competition would be able to take greater decision about the price and the level of output, which is based upon the foods and the cost of production. Knowledge regarding the market structure is widely spread within the participants. Nevertheless, it is unlikely to be perfect. Moreover, the customers have the opportunity to make a review regarding the food substances, which can be obtainable in the restaurants before the selecting the menus. Nevertheless, they would not be capable to value the taste and the quality of the restaurant. In the opinion of Phelan et al., (2017), it can be stated that the risks in the monopolistic competition is related with the decision making process, the entrepreneur has an essential role than the other competitors in the market. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that the participants in the market can freely enter or leave into the market. As a result, it can be mentioned that there would be no barriers to entry or barriers to exit. It can be noticed that there are four types of product differentiation under monopolistic competition. The first product differentiation is related with the physical product differentiation. In this case, the size, design, shape and the performance of the goods are related with the differentiated products. Second differentiation is associated with the packaging and the other promotional process. Next, human capital differentiation is depending upon the skills and the knowledge of the subordinates of the restaurants. Lastly, Roberts (2014) opined that the product differentiation is based upon the distribution process and in this process mailing order and the internet shopping will be considered. In the points of Roper, Love Bonner (2017), it can be mentioned that the firms under the monopolistic competition require to take the help of advertisements. Therefore, the customers or the visitors would get the clear information regarding the product specification and can recognise the differences among the products. Negative externalities In this study, it can be observed that Adani groups Carmichael coal mine is located in Queenslands Galilee Basin. Due to the performance of the organisation, the organisation has released harmful gases; therefore, third parties have been suffering from the negative externalities. In this connection, it can be stated that the first and the second parties are recognised as the producers and the consumers respectively. According to Schweinberger Suedekum (2015), it can be stated that negative externality is related with the cost or the benefits. This will in turn make an impact on the third party. They are not incurred cost or the benefit. Moreover, it can be added that negative externality is connected with the external cost. The above diagram highlights the effect of the negative externality. The optimal production quality has estimated by the Q2, here negative externality would reflect the output level. In this diagram, the shaded region would explain the deadweight loss of the society. On the other hand, the negative externalities, which are associated with the mentioned coal mine company, can be discussed in the following manner: It can decrease the life expectancy as the company release several harmful gases. These gases are such as ozone, sulphur dioxide, heavy metals. These gases are very harmful for individuals health. This would make an effect on the respiratory system and they would be admitted in the hospitals. Apart from this, the individuals would suffer from serious diseases such as lungs cancer, ataxia, renal dysfunction etc. These harmful gases also reduce the cultivation of crops of this place. Therefore, the fertility of the land would be decreased. Moreover, Stiglitz Rosengard (2015) cited that the ecosystem and the balance of the environment would be degraded. Apart from this, it can be added that Adani groups operation also raise the pollution in the air and this is identified as the negative externality. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that individuals, who live outside of the surroundings, are forced to pay for the pollution. Negative externalities also increase the medical bills and the quality of life would be decreased. Hence, the coal mining of this organisation would lead to the negative cost on the individuals. Furthermore, Zhelobodko et al., (2012) opined that Adani Groups has released green house gas and it would make an issue in the environment. As per the review of the report, it can be identified that Adani group has released sulphur near about 145 million tons. As a result, it can be inferred that due to the emissions of gravely toxic, the water would be polluted. As per the statement of Roberts (2014), negative externality has adverse impact on the expansion of the economic function. Hence, external diseconomy would reflect the environment by increasing the level of pollution. The above figure shows the effect of the negative externality. The coal industry is operated in the competitive market. In this connection, it can be noticed that marginal social cost is larger than the marginal private cost. Marginal social cost is higher due to the amount of external cost. Moreover, it can be added that the marginal benefits is related with the function of coal mining. Hence, the marginal social cost would similar to the marginal private benefit. The above figure depicted that if the individuals would consider their own private cost, then it will end with the price level P1 and quantity Q1. In this purpose, individual would not consider the higher effectual price P2 and the effective quantity Q2. The social cost is larger than social benefit. Individuals would be better off between the quantity of Q1 and The government can improve the operational function of Adani groups. In this study, importance of development of the environmental recompense mechanism has described, which can reduce the negative externality. On the other hand, ecological services have a specific economic valuation. Therefore, it would exchange the perfectly competitive market. Moreover, market failure is also associated with the operation of coal mining. It can optimally supervise the performance of resource developers to restore the locality. Therefore, the relationship between the ecological as well as environmental balances would be improved. References Assenza, T., Grazzini, J., Hommes, C., Massaro, D. (2015). PQ strategies in monopolistic competition: Some insights from the lab.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,50, 62-77. Balistreri, E. J., Rutherford, T. F. (2013). Computing general equilibrium theories of monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms.Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling,1, 1513-1570. Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bertoletti, P., Etro, F. (2015). Monopolistic competition when income matters.The Economic Journal. Calvo, J. A. P., Prez, A. M. J. (2016). Optimal extraction policy when the environmental and social costs of the opencast coal mining activity are internalized: Mining District of the Department of El Cesar (Colombia) case study.Energy Economics,59, 159-166. Collier, P., Venables, A. J. (2014). Closing coal: economic and moral incentives.Oxford Review of Economic Policy,30(3), 492-512. Erku?-ztrk, H., Terhorst, P. (2016). Innovative restaurants in a mass-tourism city: Evidence from Antalya.Tourism Management,54, 477-489. Feenstra, R. C. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Feng, S., Wang, D., Zhang, X. (2014). Study on Ecological Compensation for Coal Mining Activities Based on Economic Externalities.Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,2(02), 151. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Lucas, A. (2016). Stranded assets, externalities and carbon risk in the Australian coal industry: The case for contraction in a carbon-constrained world.Energy Research Social Science,11, 53-66. Nikaido, H. (2015).Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Olabi, A. G. (2016). Energy quadrilemma and the future of renewable energy.Energy,108, 1-6. Parenti, M., Ushchev, P., Thisse, J. F. (2017). Toward a theory of monopolistic competition.Journal of Economic Theory,167, 86-115. Park, S. J., Cachon, G. P., Lai, G., Seshadri, S. (2015). Supply chain design and carbon penalty: monopoly vs. monopolistic competition.Production and Operations Management,24(9), 1494-1508. Phelan, A. A., Dawes, L., Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I. (2017). Evaluation of social externalities in regional communities affected by coal seam gas projects: A case study from Southeast Queensland.Ecological Economics,131, 300-311. Roberts, K. (2014). The limit points of monopolistic competition.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, 141. Roper, S., Love, J. H., Bonner, K. (2017). Firms knowledge search and local knowledge externalities in innovation performance.Research Policy,46(1), 43-56. Schweinberger, A. G., Suedekum, J. (2015). De-industrialization and entrepreneurship under monopolistic competition.Oxford Economic Papers,67(4), 1174-1185. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M., Thisse, J. F. (2012). Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), 2765-2784.